Data sources and licences

We only publish data whose licence allows public, commercial re-use. Every price shown on this site comes from one of the official sources below; where two sources cover the same zone, both are stored and compared.

Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de

What we use: Day-ahead wholesale prices (15-minute and hourly) for: NL, DE-LU, AT, BE, FR, PL, CZ, HU, SI, CH, IT-NORD, DK1, DK2, NO2, SE4. For Germany also the forecast generation from wind and solar and the forecast consumption (15-minute), used for the wind and solar share.

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Data published under § 111d EnWG for free public use.

Attribution: Source: Bundesnetzagentur | SMARD.de. Changes: values converted to per-kWh units, hourly averages and daily statistics calculated by us.

SMARD · CC BY 4.0

Energinet — Energi Data Service

What we use: Day-ahead prices (datasets DayAheadPrices, from 1 October 2025 in 15-minute resolution, and Elspotprices before that) for: DE-LU, DK1, DK2, NO2, SE3, SE4. The DKK/EUR rate used for Danish kroner is derived from the same dataset (Danmarks Nationalbank rate). Danish network tariffs, Energinet transmission and system tariffs and the electricity tax come from the DatahubPricelist dataset; the CO₂ forecast per kWh for DK1 and DK2 from the CO2EmisProg dataset.

Licence: Conditions for use of Danish public-sector data (worldwide, free, non-exclusive licence incl. commercial use). Energinet does not endorse this site.

Attribution: Contains data from Energi Data Service (Energinet).

Energi Data Service

European Central Bank — euro foreign exchange reference rates

What we use: Daily euro reference rates against the Polish złoty, Swedish krona, Czech koruna, Hungarian forint, Swiss franc, Norwegian krone and British pound, used to show prices in local currency (the last available rate is used on weekends and holidays).

Licence: ECB statistics may be reused free of charge, provided the source is acknowledged.

Attribution: Source: European Central Bank (ECB Data Portal).

ECB Data Portal

Eurostat — electricity prices for household consumers

What we use: Half-yearly household electricity prices by country (dataset nrg_pc_204, consumption band 2,500–4,999 kWh, in euro and purchasing power standards, with all taxes, excluding VAT and excluding taxes) and annual price components (dataset nrg_pc_204_c: energy and supply, network costs, taxes, fees, levies and charges, VAT), used for the Europe atlas pages.

Licence: Commission Decision 2011/833/EU on the reuse of Commission documents: reuse, including commercial reuse, is allowed provided the source is acknowledged.

Attribution: Source: Eurostat (nrg_pc_204, nrg_pc_204_c). Changes: ranking, shares and year-on-year changes calculated by us.

Eurostat

Ember — European wholesale electricity price data

What we use: Monthly average day-ahead wholesale prices per country since 2015 (load-weighted national averages; Ember's own sources are ENTSO-E, EMR for the United Kingdom and SEMOpx for Ireland), used for the wholesale price section and column of the Europe atlas, including countries without live pages on this site.

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Attribution: Source: Ember, European Wholesale Electricity Price Data (CC BY 4.0). Changes: yearly and twelve-month averages calculated by us, weighting months by their number of days.

Ember · CC BY 4.0

Bundesnetzagentur — Ladesäulenregister (Germany)

What we use: Register of publicly accessible charging infrastructure in Germany (operator, address, coordinates, number of charge points, rated power per charge point, connector types, payment systems, opening hours, commissioning date), used for the German charging station pages. Only charging devices with status “in operation” are shown; devices at the same address of the same operator are grouped into one site.

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Attribution: Bundesnetzagentur.de — Ladesäulenregister. Changes: filtered, grouped by municipality and site, totals calculated by us.

Bundesnetzagentur — E-Mobilität

data.gouv.fr — Base nationale des IRVE (France)

What we use: National consolidated dataset of public charging stations for electric vehicles in France (static data, schema IRVE v2.3.1: operator, brand, address, municipality code, coordinates, charge points, rated power, connectors, payment options, declared tariffs, opening hours, commissioning date), used for the French charging station pages. Municipality codes are checked against the official list of municipalities and the station's address, postcode and coordinates; stations with a missing or inconsistent code are assigned accordingly, and a few unplaceable records are left out.

Licence: Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab).

Attribution: Source: data.gouv.fr, Base nationale des IRVE (static data), with the date of the version used. Changes: deduplicated by charge point, grouped by station and municipality, totals calculated by us.

data.gouv.fr

geo.api.gouv.fr — API Découpage administratif (France)

What we use: Official list of French municipalities (INSEE code, name, postcodes, centre point), compiled by data.gouv.fr from INSEE's Code officiel géographique and La Poste's postcode base. Used to check the municipality of each charging station and for the municipality names on the French charging station pages.

Licence: Licence Ouverte / Open Licence (Etalab).

Attribution: Source: geo.api.gouv.fr (data.gouv.fr), API Découpage administratif. Changes: none; used as a lookup table.

geo.api.gouv.fr

European Environment Agency — CO₂ emissions from new passenger cars

What we use: Electric energy consumption (WLTP, Wh/km) of battery-electric cars newly registered in the EU, Iceland and Norway in 2025 (provisional data, monitoring under Regulation (EU) 2019/631), used for the car list of the EV charging planner. We group registrations by make and model and use the registration-weighted median; implausible values outside 80–400 Wh/km are excluded.

Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0); copyright holder: European Commission, DG Climate Action.

Attribution: Source: European Environment Agency / DG CLIMA, CO₂ emissions from new passenger cars (2025, provisional), CC BY 4.0. Changes: grouped by model, median calculated by us.

EEA Datahub

OMIE — Iberian electricity market operator

What we use: Day-ahead marginal prices for Spain and Portugal (files marginalpdbc).

Licence: Public information that may be used freely provided the original content is respected; the source must be cited.

Attribution: Fuente / Fonte: OMIE.

OMIE

National Energy System Operator (NESO) — day-ahead power exchange prices (Nord Pool)

What we use: Hourly N2EX day-ahead prices for Great Britain (GB), published in £/MWh on the NESO data portal from data provided by Nord Pool. We convert them to euro at the ECB reference rate to compare them with other zones, and show them in pounds on the British pages.

Licence: NESO Open Data Licence (based on the Open Government Licence v3.0), as stated for this dataset on the NESO data portal. Neither NESO nor Nord Pool endorses this site.

Attribution: Contains data from the National Energy System Operator (NESO) data portal, licensed under the NESO Open Data Licence; original source: Nord Pool, N2EX day-ahead auction. Changes: converted to per-kWh units and to euro, daily and monthly statistics calculated by us.

NESO data portal · NESO Open Licence

Taxes, charges and tariffs

Final price estimates use official rates valid on the day shown:

Netherlands: Energy tax 2024, 2025 and 2026 (energiebelasting, first band), VAT 21% — Belastingdienst / Rijksoverheid.
Spain: Access tolls 2.0TD — CNMC resolutions for 2024 (BOE-A-2023-26251), 2025 (BOE-A-2024-26218) and 2026 (18 December 2025); system charges — Orden TED/1312/2022 and TED/113/2024 (2024), TED/1487/2024 (2025), TED/1524/2025 (2026); electricity tax (IEE) and VAT — Real Decreto-ley 8/2023, 7/2026, 18/2026 and 25/2026 and Agencia Tributaria notices (BOE).
Germany: Average network charges (2024, 2025, 2026), taxes and levies — BDEW electricity price analyses; Offshore grid levy, surcharge for special grid use and CHP levy as published by the transmission system operators; concession fee caps — Konzessionsabgabenverordnung (KAV) § 2.
France: EDF Tempo option prices incl. taxes — regulated tariffs since 1 August 2026, CRE deliberation no. 2026-147.
Denmark: Grid company tariffs (Nettarif C), Energinet tariffs and electricity tax (elafgift) — Energinet DatahubPricelist; electricity tax 2026–2027 also published by Skatteforvaltningen.
Belgium: Fluvius periodic distribution tariffs 2024, 2025 and 2026 (digital meter, total per-kWh tariff per grid area; 2024 by the former distribution system operator) — tariff lists of the Vlaamse Nutsregulator; 2026 offtake tariffs and special excise duty for households, as shown on the Fluvius tariff sheets of 1 July and 1 August 2026; VAT 6% — FPS Finance.
Belgium – Wallonia: ORES and RESA periodic distribution tariffs 2024–2026 (low voltage: single-rate, two-rate and optional Impact configurations, with their time bands) and transmission cost pass-through, as approved by the regulator CWaPE — CWaPE summaries of 2024 (excl. VAT), 2025 and 2026 network tariffs, CWaPE decisions approving ORES Assets' and RESA's 2025 tariffs (29 November 2024), CWaPE transmission pass-through decisions of 20 February 2024, 29 November 2024 and 13 February 2025, CWaPE decision on ORES Assets' 2026–2029 tariffs, RESA tariff grid 2026, CWaPE decision on 2026 transmission pass-through tariffs and ORES tariff sheet of 1 August 2026; regional connection levy (redevance de raccordement).
Belgium – Brussels: Sibelga distribution tariffs 2024–2026 (low voltage without peak metering: network use, public service obligations, surcharges, transmission) — tariff grids annexed to BRUGEL decision no. 247 (2024) with transmission tariffs of decision no. 255 (2024), the 2025–2027 grid accepted by decision no. 285bis (2025) and decision no. 370 of 18 November 2025 (2026); peak and off-peak hours and the default two-rate tariff for smart meters — BRUGEL tariff methodology 2025–2029, decision no. 264.
Luxembourg: Low-voltage network charge for households (volumetric charge per kWh, the same nationwide) for 2024, 2025 and 2026 — Creos Luxembourg tariff lists valid from 1 January of each year, accepted by the regulator ILR (decisions ILR/E24/47 and ILR/E25/42; ILR report on the 2026 network tariffs, 31 March 2026); contribution of consumption category A to the compensation mechanism — ILR regulations ILR/E23/63 (2024), ILR/E24/56 (2025), ILR/E25/40 (January–July 2026) and ILR/E26/28 (from 1 August 2026), Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Legilux); electricity tax for category A and VAT 8% — Administration des douanes et accises, excise rate tables 2024, 2025 and 2026.
Austria: System charges 2026 per grid area (network usage charge incl. summer low rate SNAP, network loss charge, grid level 7) — E-Control / Systemnutzungsentgelte-Verordnung 2018 as amended by BGBl. II No. 305/2025 (RIS); renewables support contribution 2026 — BGBl. II No. 301/2025; electricity levy for households 2026 — BGBl. I No. 95/2025 (RIS).
Poland: Distribution tariffs 2024, 2025 and 2026 of Tauron Dystrybucja, Enea Operator, Energa-Operator, PGE Dystrybucja and Stoen Operator (G11), approved by the President of URE — the operators' own tariffs and tariff extracts (some through the Internet Archive) and the URE Industry Bulletin (PGE Dystrybucja: nos. 410 of 15 December 2023, 274 of 17 December 2024 and 269 of 17 December 2025; Stoen Operator: no. 413 of 15 December 2023); quality charge from the PSE tariff and its change of 16 January 2026; RES charge — URE President's information; CHP charge — regulations of the Minister of Climate and Environment; quality, RES and CHP charges; excise duty and VAT 23%.
Czechia: Distribution prices 2026 for tariff D 02d (ČEZ Distribuce, EG.D, PREdistribuce) — ERÚ price decision no. 14/2025; system services and other regulated prices — ERÚ price decision no. 13/2025; renewables contribution set to zero from 1 January 2026 — ERÚ amending price decision of 29 December 2025; electricity tax and VAT.
Slovenia: Network charges per kWh by time block for households (transmission and distribution, user group 0), valid 1 March–31 December 2026 — Agencija za energijo, Akt o določitvi tarifnih postavk za omrežnine elektrooperaterjev (Uradni list RS 105/2025); time blocks — network charge methodology; energy-efficiency contribution, excise duty on electricity, VAT 22%.
Sweden: Grid transfer fees 2026 for private customers, from each grid company's own price list: Vattenfall Eldistribution (fuse subscription 2026, single-rate E4 and time-of-use T4), Ellevio (effect subscription 16–63 A from 1 January 2026, fuse subscription from 1 June 2026, apartment subscription 2026), Göteborg Energi (ordinary grid fee 2026, house and apartment) and Kraftringen (transfer fee formula valid since 1 June 2025); energy tax on electricity 2026 — Skatteverket; VAT 25%.
Portugal: Grid access tariffs for normal low voltage up to 20.7 kVA from 1 June 2024, 2025 and 2026 — ERSE (as published in the tariff sheets of EDP and the ERSE tariff comparisons); special consumption tax on electricity (IEC) and VAT — Autoridade Tributária.
Hungary: Universal-service household prices on the A1 tariff (regulated price within the 2,523 kWh/year band and market price above it, incl. network charges and 27% VAT; 2025 regulated prices, network charges frozen for 2026 by government decree) and the published conditions of MVM Next's dynamic D tariff (HUPX quarter-hour price above the band, effective 31 August 2026, billing from 1 January 2027 at the earliest).
United Kingdom (Great Britain): Energy price cap for electricity paid by Direct Debit (average unit rate and daily standing charge for England, Scotland and Wales), July–September and October–December 2026, and the zero VAT rate on household electricity from 1 October 2026 to 31 March 2027 — Ofgem, energy price cap unit rates and standing charges.
Switzerland: Median basic-supply tariffs for a typical household (H4, 4,500 kWh/year), 2026 and 2027, total and components (energy, network use, metering, grid surcharge, municipal levies) — Federal Electricity Commission ElCom, press releases of 9 September 2025 and 8 September 2026.

Design assets

Map boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain) via the world-atlas package (ISC licence).
Flags: flag-icons (MIT licence).
Icons: Lucide (ISC licence).
Typefaces: Red Hat Display and Red Hat Text (SIL Open Font License 1.1).

Methodology: how prices and estimates are calculated.